iSCSI

copy from http://blog.ntut.idv.tw/2009/03/fbsd-freebsd-iscsi-setup.html

iSCSI, Internet SCSI(Small Computer System Interface) 應用越來越普遍，在 FreeBSD上裝來玩看看，環境為兩台主機，伺服器端 target 的 IP 為 192.168.1.9，用戶端 initiator 的 IP 則相同網段的任意 IP。

1. 安裝 FreeBSD iSCSI 的伺服器端 target

# cd /usr/ports/net/iscsi-target # 使用 ports 直接安裝
# make install clean; rehash

# vi /usr/local/etc/iscsi/targets
# extents file start length
extent0 /tmp/iscsi-target0 0 2GB

# target flags storage netmask
target0 rw extent0 192.168.1.0/26

# vi /etc/rc.conf # 開機自動啟動 iSCSI target
iscsi_target_enable=”YES”

# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/iscsi_target start # 手動啟動 iSCSI target
Starting iscsi_target.
Reading configuration from `/usr/local/etc/iscsi/targets’
target0:rw:192.168.1.0/26
extent0:/tmp/iscsi-target0:0:2147483648
DISK: 1 logical unit (4194304 blocks, 512 bytes/block), type iscsi fs
DISK: LUN 0: 2048 MB disk storage for “target0″
TARGET: TargetName is iqn.1994-04.org.netbsd.iscsi-target

# ls -l /tmp # 查看 tmp 目錄下是否多了個 2G 大小的 iscsi-target0 檔

-rw-r–r– 1 root wheel 2147483648 Mar 19 09:33 iscsi-target0

2. 設定 FreeBSD iSCSI 的用戶端 initiator

# vi /boot/loader.conf # 讓開機可以自動載入 iscsi_initiator 核心模組
iscsi_initiator_load=”YES”

# kldload iscsi_initiator # 手動載入 iscsi_initiator 核心模組
# kldstat # 查看有無載入 iscsi_initiator.ko
Id Refs Address Size Name
1 6 0xc0400000 97f830 kernel
2 1 0xc4c71000 f000 iscsi_initiator.ko

# iscontrol -d -t 192.168.1.9 # 測試 iSCSI 連線
TargetName=iqn.1994-04.org.netbsd.iscsi-target:target0
TargetAddress=192.168.1.9:3260,1

# iscontrol -c /etc/iscsi.conf -n target0 # 啟動 iSCSI session
iscontrol[2664]: running
iscontrol[2664]: (pass0:iscsi0:0:0:0): tagged openings now 0
iscontrol[2664]: cam_open_btl: no passthrough device found at 0:0:1
iscontrol[2664]: cam_open_btl: no passthrough device found at 0:0:2
iscontrol[2664]: cam_open_btl: no passthrough device found at 0:0:3
iscontrol: supervise starting main loop

#cat /var/log/messages # 會有下面兩行訊息表示 /dev/da0 介面已經被建立
Mar 19 09:45:11 ntut kernel: da0 at iscsi0 bus 0 target 0 lun 0
Mar 19 09:45:11 ntut kernel: da0: Fixed Direct Access SCSI-3 device

# newfs /dev/da0 # 格式化 /dev/da0 檔案系統
/dev/da0: 2048.0MB (4194304 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048
using 12 cylinder groups of 183.77MB, 11761 blks, 23552 inodes.
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:
160, 376512, 752864, 1129216, 1505568, 1881920, 2258272, 2634624, 3010976, 3387328, 3763680, 4140032

# mkdir /mydata # 建立目錄
# mount /dev/da0 /mydata # 掛載檔案系統
# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/da0 2026030 4 1863944 0% /mydata

3. 用戶端 FreeBSD 如何開機自動掛載 iSCSI 硬碟？參考網路上前人所寫的 Shell Script 開機可以自動掛載啟動檔

# vi /etc/rc.d/iscsi

#!/bin/sh

# PROVIDE: iscsi
# REQUIRE: NETWORKING
# BEFORE: mountcritremote
# KEYWORD: shutdown

. /etc/rc.subr

name="iscsi"
start_cmd="iscsi_start"
stop_cmd="iscsi_stop"
rcvar="iscsi_enable"
required_modules="iscsi_initiator:iscsi"

iscsi_start()
{
        ${iscsi_command} -c ${iscsi_config} -n ${iscsi_nickname}
        if [ -f ${iscsi_fstab} ]; then
                devs=`sed -e '/^#/d' < ${iscsi_fstab} | cut -f 1`
                for xdev in $devs
                do
                        i=10
                        echo "Wait for $xdev"
                        while [ $i -ne 0 ]
                        do
                                [ -c $xdev ] && break
                                sleep 1
                                i=$(($i-1))
                        done
                done

                echo "mount -a -F ${iscsi_fstab}"
                mount -a -F ${iscsi_fstab}
        fi
}

iscsi_stop()
{
        if [ -f ${iscsi_fstab} ]; then
                echo "umount -a -F ${iscsi_fstab}"
                umount -a -F ${iscsi_fstab}
        fi
        killall -HUP ${iscsi_command}
}

load_rc_config $name

: ${iscsi_enable="NO"}
: ${iscsi_command="iscontrol"}
: ${iscsi_nickname="target0"}
: ${iscsi_config="/etc/iscsi.conf"}
: ${iscsi_fstab="/etc/iscsi.fstab"}

run_rc_command "$1"

# chmod 555 /etc/rc.d/iscsi # 改變權限

# vi /etc/iscsi.fstab # 設定開機掛載 HD
/dev/da0 /mydata ufs rw 3 3

# vi /etc/rc.conf # 加入開機自動執行
iscsi_enable=”YES”

4. 如何使用 AES 加密檔案系統掛載 iSCSI

# kldload geom_eli.ko # 載入核心加密模組 GEOM_ELI
# kldstat # 查看載入的核心模組
Id Refs Address Size Name
1 9 0xc0400000 97f830 kernel
2 1 0xc4c71000 f000 iscsi_initiator.ko
3 1 0xc4f93000 10000 geom_eli.ko
4 1 0xc4fa3000 23000 crypto.ko
5 1 0xc4fc6000 a000 zlib.ko

# geli init /dev/da0 # 初始化 /dev/da0 需輸入密碼 , 這邊採用 AES 加密
Enter new passphrase:
Reenter new passphrase:

# geli attach /dev/da0 # 加密 /dev/da0 輸入剛剛加密密碼
Enter passphrase:

# cat /var/log/message # 查看核心 log
Mar 19 09:54:43 ntut kernel: cryptosoft0: on motherboard
Mar 19 09:59:48 ntut kernel: GEOM_ELI: Device da0.eli created.
Mar 19 09:59:48 ntut kernel: GEOM_ELI: Encryption: AES-CBC 128
Mar 19 09:59:48 ntut kernel: GEOM_ELI: Crypto: software

# /boot/loader.conf # 加入開機自動載入 GEOM_ELI 加密模組
geom_eli_load=”YES”

# newfs -U -L mydata /dev/da0.eli # 格式化加密檔案系統
/dev/da0.eli: 2048.0MB (4194300 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048
using 12 cylinder groups of 183.77MB, 11761 blks, 23552 inodes.
with soft updates
super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:
160, 376512, 752864, 1129216, 1505568, 1881920, 2258272, 2634624, 3010976, 3387328, 3763680, 4140032

# cat /var/log/message # 查看核心 log 可發現多了區塊標籤 ufs/mydata
Mar 19 10:04:58 ntut kernel: GEOM_LABEL: Label for provider da0.eli is ufs/mydata.

# mkdir /mydata # 建立檔案目錄
# mount /dev/ufs/mydata /mydata # 掛載檔案目錄
# df # 查看檔案目錄
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/ufs/mydata 2026028 4 1863942 0% /mydata

Add.

如何在 Windows 運行 Initiator 用戶端 ?

Vista/2K8 已經內建支援 iSCSI 用戶端軟體 XP/2K 則需到微軟官網下載軟體安裝方可運行 iSCSI

http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=12cb3c1a-15d6-4585-b385-befd1319f825&displaylang=en

Ref.

http://ivoras.sharanet.org/freebsd/iscsi-eli.html

http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/freebsd-iscsi-initiator-howto/

http://shell.peach.ne.jp/aoyama/archives/45

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startx錯在邊?

SERVER# startx
xauth: creating new authority file /root/.serverauth.47373

X.Org X Server 1.4.0
Release Date: 5 September 2007
X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
Build Operating System: FreeBSD 6.3-STABLE i386
Current Operating System: FreeBSD SERVER.PC 7.0-STABLE FreeBSD 7.0-STABLE #2: Sat Mar 29 07:03:24 HKT 2008 root@SERVER.PC:/mnt/base/system_all/freebsd/obj/mnt/base/system_all/freebsd/src/sys/BEST i386
Build Date: 14 March 2008 01:04:09PM

Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
to make sure that you have the latest version.
Module Loader present
Markers: (–) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
(++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
(==) Log file: “/var/log/Xorg.0.log”, Time: Fri Sep 26 22:31:20 2008
(==) Using config file: “/etc/X11/xorg.conf”
(II) Module “ddc” already built-in
(II) Module “ramdac” already built-in
expected keysym, got XF86KbdLightOnOff: line 70 of pc
expected keysym, got XF86KbdBrightnessDown: line 71 of pc
expected keysym, got XF86KbdBrightnessUp: line 72 of pc
expected keysym, got XF86KbdLightOnOff: line 70 of pc
expected keysym, got XF86KbdBrightnessDown: line 71 of pc
expected keysym, got XF86KbdBrightnessUp: line 72 of pc

Fatal server error:
could not open default font ‘fixed’
XIO: fatal IO error 53 (Software caused connection abort) on X server “:0.0″
after 0 requests (0 known processed) with 0 events remaining.

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freebsd cannot add user

帳號資料在系統中存放的位置
/etc/passwd , /etc/master.passwd , /etc/pwd_db , /etc/spwd_db

事實上系統為了存取效率, 實際上系統並沒有直接使用passwd及master.passwd兩個文字檔, 而是將之轉成database型式的另外兩個檔案pwd_db及spwd_db(這是由指令pwd_mkdb所產生的)

%pwd_mkdb -p -d /etc /etc/master.passwd

就可以了

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freebsd 不能探測音效卡嗎?

%kldload snd_driver
試一試用到音效卡嗎? 我不太相信載入所有音效卡的driver都探測唔到音效卡

%cat /dev/sndstat
就會見到類似文字
Installed devices:
pcm0: at io 0×1000 irq 5 kld snd_t4dwave (4p/1r/0v channels duplex default)

snd_t4dwave就是你需要的driver, 當然每部電腦會有不同.

%ee /boot/loader.conf.local
輸入你要的driver
snd_t4dwave_load=”YES”

然後重新開機後就用到了

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freebsd RPC port mapper failure

主要問題在於當啟動Internet Services and Protocols(inetd)後會同時啟動TCP Wrappers,
而TCP Wrappers在/etc/hosts.allow的預設定是會限制rpcbind(因為於rpcbind這行你根本不是用這個ip),

只要設定好,然後再重新啟動inetd, 理論上rpcbind不會再有問題.
#/etc/rc.d/inetd reload

結論是/etc/hosts.allow設定上的問題.

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I love freebsd

我對freebsd 的可用性,穩定,易修復及核心定制等特性而感到驚奇.

自從用了freebsd的作業系統後…..
我忘記了要重組硬盤.
我忘記了藍色畫面.
我忘記了非法軟件.
我忘記了電腦是需要防火牆.
我忘記了甚麼叫電腦病毒甚麼叫間碟及廣告軟件.
我已經忘記了如何format硬盤然後再重新安裝作業系統.
我忘記了要下載作業系統的更新包來修保漏洞.
我忘記了如何重新啟動電腦.

我只記得I love freebsd.

by kwong

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Server 一直連不上Wide area network

但是很奇怪用到Local area network, 查過好多次network設定是沒有問題.
最後用sysinstall重新設定network, 原來是一個十分無聊的錯誤.
原本在rc.conf是這樣寫defaultrouter=192.168.0.1, 而正確寫法是defaultrouter=”192.168.0.1″
我一定會記住這個很無聊的錯誤.

而第二個問題, 就是DNS問題
yes, 是DNS的設定問題

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FreeBSD Update to FreeBSD 6.2 Release

http://www.cheeren.com/?q=node/89

# mkdir /usr/upgrade
# cd /usr/upgrade
# fetch http://www.daemonology.net/freebsd-update/upgrade-to-6.2.tgz
# fetch http://www.daemonology.net/freebsd-update/upgrade-to-6.2.tgz.asc
# gpg –verify upgrade-to-6.2.tgz.asc upgrade-to-6.2.tgz
# tar -xzf upgrade-to-6.2.tgz
# cd upgrade-to-6.2
# sh freebsd-update.sh -f freebsd-update.conf -d /usr/upgrade -r 6.2-RELEASE upgrade

# reboot
# cd /usr/upgrade/upgrade-to-6.2
# sh freebsd-update.sh -f freebsd-update.conf -d /usr/upgrade install
# reboot

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freebsd install flashplayer 9

delete linux-flashplugin7

cd /usr/ports/www/linux-flashplugin9
make install

# ln -s /usr/local/lib/npapi/linux-flashplugin/libflashplayer.so \
/usr/local/lib/browser_plugins
# ln -s /usr/local/lib/npapi/linux-flashplugin/flashplayer.xpt \
/usr/local/lib/browser_plugins

在地址中输入 about:plugins
do not have flash9……

I use ssh to start firefox-bin,I have see this error

LoadPlugin: failed to initialize shared library /usr/local/lib/npapi/linux-flashplugin/libf
lashplayer.so [Shared object "pluginwrapper/flash9.so" not found, required by "libflashplay
er.so"]

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FreeBSD NAT

# ee /etc/rc.conf

#設定第二張網路卡的 IP。
ifconfig_fxp1=”inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0″

#設定啟用 gateway 的功能。
gateway_enable=”YES”

#設定 NAT 所使用的對外網路卡
natd_interface=”fxp0″
natd_enable=”YES”

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